The skin is composed of three layers, each with its own function. The outermost dermis defends against external harms; the dermis controls oils; and the subcutaneous layer protects the organs, bones, and muscles. These layers play a vital role in determining the skin’s key characteristics, which are based on hydration, oil and sebum production, and reaction to substances. This forms the basis of skin types, which are the classifications of each individual given their skin’s qualities and specific needs.
Five Skin Types
1. Normal
Normal skin feels balanced, with optimal hydration and sebum levels. It is often associated with small pores and a smooth texture. Despite not presenting any specific concerns, maintaining its health is important as the skin changes over time.
2. Oily
Oily skin is caused by the overproduction of sebum from the sebaceous glands, which increase in size during adolescence due to hormone fluctuations. It appears shiny and is usually associated with larger pores and acne. It’s important to note that harsh cleansers can cause the skin to produce even more sebum, so it’s best to stay cautious about the products used.
3. Dry
Dry skin typically produces less natural oils compared to others, which is the result of the epidermis losing water excessively. The skin appears flaky and dull and is more prone to fine lines. It is recommended that those with dry skin limit exposure to hot water as it can further strip the skin of essential oils, making gentle cleansers and moisturizers a better option.
4. Combination
Combination skin features both oily and dry areas. Areas like the T-zone, including the forehead and the area from the nose to chin, tend to be more oily while other parts may be dry. Those with combination skin should try a variety of products and if possible, use different specialized products tailored to different areas of the face.
5. Sensitive skin
Sensitive skin reacts more intensely to certain stimuli compared to other skin types, causing redness, stinging, itching or bumps. Individuals with sensitive skin should consider using products in small amounts and carefully reviewing ingredients to check for potential irritants.
Although skin types are genetic, various influences such as age, climate, and diet can cause the skin to behave differently. For example, increased humidity in the summer can increase sebum production, which may cause dry skin to act more like combination skin.
Clinicians, dermatologists, and aesthetic tailors use information about these skin types to determine the skin’s requirements and products to recommend. It’s important to know that the five main skin types discussed are generalizations and that everyone’s skin is different. So carefully evaluate your condition and use products to your own discretion.
Sources:
1. How to control oily skin. www.aad.org. https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-basics/dry/oily-skin#:~:text=There%20are%20many%20reasons%20for
2. What is my skin type - Oily, dry or mixed; what is the difference? olay.co.uk. https://olay.co.uk/skin-care-tips/oily-skin/find-out-your-skin-type
3. CeraVe. What Skin Type Do I Have? | Determine Your Skin Type | CeraVe. www.cerave.com. https://www.cerave.com/skin-smarts/skincare-tips-advice/what-skin-type-do-i-have
4. Pashkovska O. ABCD Classification of Skin Types. Plastic and Aesthetic Nursing. 2024;44(3):188. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/PSN.0000000000000567
5. Know Your Skin: The Science of Skin Types, Your Ultimate Guide - Relatable Science. Published March 9, 2024. Accessed July 24, 2024. https://relatablesci.com/know-your-skin-the-science-of-skin-types-your-ultimate-guide/
Author: Rosalind Chen
